Cyrus
고레스
Named at Ezra 1:1: “Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing”. At 1:2–4 the proclamation begins, “Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.’” At 1:7–8 Cyrus the king brings out the vessels of the LORD’s house, and Cyrus king of Persia brings them out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer (the Korean Revised Version: 고지기 미드르닷을 명하여, commanded Mithredath the treasurer), and counts them out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah. Ezra 3:7 says that they gave money to the masons and to the carpenters, and food, drink, and oil to the people of Sidon and Tyre, to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea, to Joppa, “according to the grant that they had from Cyrus King of Persia”; 4:3 gives, in the words of Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers’ households of Israel, “as King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us”, and 4:5 names “all the days of Cyrus king of Persia”; 5:13–15 gives, in the answer written in the letter to Darius the king, “in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God”, and, in the same answer, that the gold and silver vessels Cyrus the king took out of the temple of Babylon were delivered to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor, and that he said to him, “Take these vessels, go, put them in the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let God’s house be built in its place”; 6:3–5 gives the record written in a scroll, which begins, “In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house be built”; and 6:14 says that the elders of the Jews built and finished it “according to the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia”. Isaiah 45:1 reads, “The LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held to subdue nations before him and strip kings of their armor, to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut”, and 45:4 gives, in the words to Cyrus that follow, “For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel my chosen, I have called you by your name. I have given you a title, though you have not known me.”
Direct relationships 3
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Source-backed narrative relations; not independent historical verification. Legacy dates and coordinates are outside this review.
Collection & rightsSource evidence (14)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 2CH 36:22–23, engwebp
22Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
23“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given all the kingdoms of the earth to me; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever there is among you of all his people, the LORD his God be with him, and let him go up.’”
- DAN 1:17–21, engwebp
17Now as for these four youths, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom; and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.
18At the end of the days which the king had appointed for bringing them in, the prince of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar.
19The king talked with them; and among them all was found no one like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Therefore they stood before the king.
20In every matter of wisdom and understanding concerning which the king inquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and enchanters who were in all his realm.
21Daniel continued even to the first year of King Cyrus.
- DAN 6:25–28, engwebp
25Then King Darius wrote to all the peoples, nations, and languages who dwell in all the earth: “Peace be multiplied to you.
26“I make a decree that in all the dominion of my kingdom men tremble and fear before the God of Daniel. “For he is the living God, and steadfast forever. His kingdom is that which will not be destroyed. His dominion will be even to the end.
27He delivers and rescues. He works signs and wonders in heaven and in earth, who has delivered Daniel from the power of the lions.”
28So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.
- DAN 10:1–3, engwebp
1In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the message was true, even a great warfare. He understood the message, and had understanding of the vision.
2In those days I, Daniel, was mourning three whole weeks.
3I ate no pleasant food. No meat or wine came into my mouth. I didn’t anoint myself at all, until three whole weeks were fulfilled.
- EZR 1:1–4, engwebp
1Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
2“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.
3Whoever there is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem.
4Whoever is left, in any place where he lives, let the men of his place help him with silver, with gold, with goods, and with animals, in addition to the free will offering for God’s house which is in Jerusalem.’”
- EZR 1:7–11, engwebp
7Also Cyrus the king brought out the vessels of the LORD’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought out of Jerusalem, and had put in the house of his gods;
8even those, Cyrus king of Persia brought out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and counted them out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah.
9This is the number of them: thirty platters of gold, one thousand platters of silver, twenty-nine knives,
10thirty bowls of gold, four hundred ten silver bowls of a second kind, and one thousand other vessels.
11All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand four hundred. Sheshbazzar brought all these up when the captives were brought up from Babylon to Jerusalem.
- EZR 3:7, engwebp
7They also gave money to the masons and to the carpenters. They also gave food, drink, and oil to the people of Sidon and Tyre to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea, to Joppa, according to the grant that they had from Cyrus King of Persia.
- EZR 4:1–3, engwebp
1Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity were building a temple to the LORD, the God of Israel,
2they came near to Zerubbabel, and to the heads of fathers’ households, and said to them, “Let us build with you, for we seek your God as you do; and we have been sacrificing to him since the days of Esar Haddon king of Assyria, who brought us up here.”
3But Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers’ households of Israel said to them, “You have nothing to do with us in building a house to our God; but we ourselves together will build to the LORD, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us.”
- EZR 4:4–5, engwebp
4Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building.
5They hired counselors against them to frustrate their purpose all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.
- EZR 5:11–17, engwebp
11Thus they returned us answer, saying, “We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth and are building the house that was built these many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and finished.
12But after our fathers had provoked the God of heaven to wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and carried the people away into Babylon.
13But in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God.
14The gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem and brought into the temple of Babylon, those Cyrus the king also took out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor.
15He said to him, ‘Take these vessels, go, put them in the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let God’s house be built in its place.’
16Then the same Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of God’s house which is in Jerusalem. Since that time even until now it has been being built, and yet it is not completed.
17Now therefore, if it seems good to the king, let a search be made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it is so that a decree was made by Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem; and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.”
- EZR 6:3–5, engwebp
3In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house be built, the place where they offer sacrifices, and let its foundations be strongly laid, with its height sixty cubits and its width sixty cubits;
4with three courses of great stones and a course of new timber. Let the expenses be given out of the king’s house.
5Also let the gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple which is at Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be restored and brought again to the temple which is at Jerusalem, everything to its place. You shall put them in God’s house.
- EZR 6:13–15, engwebp
13Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and their companions did accordingly with all diligence, because Darius the king had sent a decree.
14The elders of the Jews built and prospered, through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. They built and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.
15This house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.
- ISA 44:24–28, engwebp
24The LORD, your Redeemer, and he who formed you from the womb says: “I am the LORD, who makes all things; who alone stretches out the heavens; who spreads out the earth by myself;
25who frustrates the signs of the liars, and makes diviners mad; who turns wise men backward, and makes their knowledge foolish;
26who confirms the word of his servant, and performs the counsel of his messengers; who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited;’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They will be built,’ and ‘I will raise up its waste places;’
27who says to the deep, ‘Be dry,’ and ‘I will dry up your rivers,’
28who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,’ even saying of Jerusalem, ‘She will be built;’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation will be laid.’”
- ISA 45:1–7, engwebp
1The LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held to subdue nations before him and strip kings of their armor, to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut:
2“I will go before you and make the rough places smooth. I will break the doors of bronze in pieces and cut apart the bars of iron.
3I will give you the treasures of darkness and hidden riches of secret places, that you may know that it is I, the LORD, who calls you by your name, even the God of Israel.
4For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel my chosen, I have called you by your name. I have given you a title, though you have not known me.
5I am the LORD, and there is no one else. Besides me, there is no God. I will strengthen you, though you have not known me,
6that they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is no one besides me. I am the LORD, and there is no one else.
7I form the light and create darkness. I make peace and create calamity. I am the LORD, who does all these things.
AI-assisted, human review pending, 2026-09-26
Machine comparison on 2026-10-07: the wording raised none of the 3 rules against the passages this entry cites. No person has read it.
Unresolved interpretation: Cyrus of Isaiah 44:28 and 45:1
- Ezra 1:1 says, “Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,” and at 1:2 the proclamation begins, “Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.’”
Source evidence (1)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- EZR 1:1–4, engwebp
1Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
2“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.
3Whoever there is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem.
4Whoever is left, in any place where he lives, let the men of his place help him with silver, with gold, with goods, and with animals, in addition to the free will offering for God’s house which is in Jerusalem.’”
- EZR 1:1–4, engwebp
- Isaiah 44:24 says, “The LORD, your Redeemer, and he who formed you from the womb says”, and 44:28 gives, in those words, “who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,’ even saying of Jerusalem, ‘She will be built;’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation will be laid.’”
Source evidence (1)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- ISA 44:24–28, engwebp
24The LORD, your Redeemer, and he who formed you from the womb says: “I am the LORD, who makes all things; who alone stretches out the heavens; who spreads out the earth by myself;
25who frustrates the signs of the liars, and makes diviners mad; who turns wise men backward, and makes their knowledge foolish;
26who confirms the word of his servant, and performs the counsel of his messengers; who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited;’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They will be built,’ and ‘I will raise up its waste places;’
27who says to the deep, ‘Be dry,’ and ‘I will dry up your rivers,’
28who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,’ even saying of Jerusalem, ‘She will be built;’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation will be laid.’”
- ISA 44:24–28, engwebp
- Isaiah 45:1 says, “The LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held to subdue nations before him and strip kings of their armor, to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut”.
Source evidence (1)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- ISA 45:1–7, engwebp
1The LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held to subdue nations before him and strip kings of their armor, to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut:
2“I will go before you and make the rough places smooth. I will break the doors of bronze in pieces and cut apart the bars of iron.
3I will give you the treasures of darkness and hidden riches of secret places, that you may know that it is I, the LORD, who calls you by your name, even the God of Israel.
4For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel my chosen, I have called you by your name. I have given you a title, though you have not known me.
5I am the LORD, and there is no one else. Besides me, there is no God. I will strengthen you, though you have not known me,
6that they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is no one besides me. I am the LORD, and there is no one else.
7I form the light and create darkness. I make peace and create calamity. I am the LORD, who does all these things.
- ISA 45:1–7, engwebp
Ezra 1:1–4 names Cyrus king of Persia and gives, in the proclamation he made throughout all his kingdom, “The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.” Isaiah 44:28 gives, in the LORD’s words, “who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd’”, and 45:1 says “to his anointed, to Cyrus”. Isaiah 44:28 and 45:1 do not call Cyrus a king and name no land of his. The text does not say whether the Cyrus of Isaiah 44:28 and 45:1 is the Cyrus king of Persia of Ezra 1:1–4. This collection records Isaiah 44:28 and 45:1 under the one Cyrus it holds, by the name, decides nothing, and does not say that the words of Isaiah 44:28 and 45:1 were done.
All 3 relationships: AI-assisted, human review pending
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Took part in (3) — Cyrus proclaims the building of the house in Jerusalem, The LORD stirs up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, and Cyrus proclaims throughout all his kingdom and puts it in writing, Cyrus the king brings out the vessels of the LORD’s house and counts them out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah
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Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given all the kingdoms of the earth to me; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever there is among you of all his people, the LORD his God be with him, and let him go up.’”
Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,
“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.
Also Cyrus the king brought out the vessels of the LORD’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought out of Jerusalem, and had put in the house of his gods;
even those, Cyrus king of Persia brought out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and counted them out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah.
They also gave money to the masons and to the carpenters. They also gave food, drink, and oil to the people of Sidon and Tyre to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea, to Joppa, according to the grant that they had from Cyrus King of Persia.
But Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers’ households of Israel said to them, “You have nothing to do with us in building a house to our God; but we ourselves together will build to the LORD, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us.”
They hired counselors against them to frustrate their purpose all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.
But in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God.
The gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem and brought into the temple of Babylon, those Cyrus the king also took out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor.
Now therefore, if it seems good to the king, let a search be made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it is so that a decree was made by Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem; and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.”
In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house be built, the place where they offer sacrifices, and let its foundations be strongly laid, with its height sixty cubits and its width sixty cubits;
The elders of the Jews built and prospered, through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. They built and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.
who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,’ even saying of Jerusalem, ‘She will be built;’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation will be laid.’”
The LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held to subdue nations before him and strip kings of their armor, to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut:
Daniel continued even to the first year of King Cyrus.
So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.
In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the message was true, even a great warfare. He understood the message, and had understanding of the vision.
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[Bibliadatum entry report]
Entry: Cyrus (person-cyrus)
Address: https://bibliadatum.org/en/wiki/person/cyrus
Current wording: Named at Ezra 1:1: “Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing”. At 1:2–4 the proclamation begins, “Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.’” At 1:7–8 Cyrus the king brings out the vessels of the LORD’s house, and Cyrus king of Persia brings them out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer (the Korean Revised Version: 고지기 미드르닷을 명하여, commanded Mithredath the treasurer), and counts them out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah. Ezra 3:7 says that they gave money to the masons and to the carpenters, and food, drink, and oil to the people of Sidon and Tyre, to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea, to Joppa, “according to the grant that they had from Cyrus King of Persia”; 4:3 gives, in the words of Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers’ households of Israel, “as King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us”, and 4:5 names “all the days of Cyrus king of Persia”; 5:13–15 gives, in the answer written in the letter to Darius the king, “in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God”, and, in the same answer, that the gold and silver vessels Cyrus the king took out of the temple of Babylon were delivered to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor, and that he said to him, “Take these vessels, go, put them in the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let God’s house be built in its place”; 6:3–5 gives the record written in a scroll, which begins, “In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house be built”; and 6:14 says that the elders of the Jews built and finished it “according to the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia”. Isaiah 45:1 reads, “The LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held to subdue nations before him and strip kings of their armor, to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut”, and 45:4 gives, in the words to Cyrus that follow, “For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel my chosen, I have called you by your name. I have given you a title, though you have not known me.”
Cited evidence: 2CH 36:22–23, engwebp / DAN 1:17–21, engwebp / DAN 6:25–28, engwebp / DAN 10:1–3, engwebp / EZR 1:1–4, engwebp / EZR 1:7–11, engwebp / EZR 3:7, engwebp / EZR 4:1–3, engwebp (and 6 more of 14)
Review state: ai-assisted / human-review-pending
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