Goliath
골리앗
Named at 1 Samuel 17:4: “A champion out of the camp of the Philistines named Goliath of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span went out.” 17:5–7 give the weight of his coat of mail as five thousand shekels of bronze and of his spear’s head as six hundred shekels of iron, and say that his shield bearer went before him; at 17:8–10 he cries to the armies of Israel, “Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me,” and says, “I defy the armies of Israel today! Give me a man, that we may fight together!” 17:16 says, “The Philistine came near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.” 17:23 has “the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name,” come up out of the ranks of the Philistines and say the same words, and David hears them. At 17:43–44 the Philistine curses David by his gods and says to him, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky and to the animals of the field.” At 17:48–51 David slings a stone and strikes the Philistine in his forehead; the stone sinks into his forehead, and he falls on his face to the earth; so David prevails over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and strikes the Philistine and kills him, but there is no sword in David’s hand; then David runs, stands over the Philistine, takes his sword, draws it out of its sheath, kills him, and cuts off his head with it. At 17:54 David takes the head of the Philistine and brings it to Jerusalem.
Direct relationships 5
Open in the full graphCollected relationship evidence
Source-backed narrative relations; not independent historical verification. Legacy dates and coordinates are outside this review.
Collection & rightsSource evidence (10)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 1CH 20:4–8, engwebp
4After this, war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant; and they were subdued.
5Again there was war with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
6There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand and six on each foot; and he also was born to the giant.
7When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea, David’s brother, killed him.
8These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
- 1SA 17:4–11, engwebp
4A champion out of the camp of the Philistines named Goliath of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span went out.
5He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he wore a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of bronze.
6He had bronze shin armor on his legs and a bronze javelin between his shoulders.
7The staff of his spear was like a weaver’s beam; and his spear’s head weighed six hundred shekels of iron. His shield bearer went before him.
8He stood and cried to the armies of Israel, and said to them, “Why have you come out to set your battle in array? Am I not a Philistine, and you servants to Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me.
9If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then will we be your servants; but if I prevail against him and kill him, then you will be our servants and serve us.”
10The Philistine said, “I defy the armies of Israel today! Give me a man, that we may fight together!”
11When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid.
- 1SA 17:12–16, engwebp
12Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons. The man was an elderly old man in the days of Saul.
13The three oldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.
14David was the youngest; and the three oldest followed Saul.
15Now David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem.
16The Philistine came near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.
- 1SA 17:17–24, engwebp
17Jesse said to David his son, “Now take for your brothers an ephah of this parched grain and these ten loaves, and carry them quickly to the camp to your brothers;
18and bring these ten cheeses to the captain of their thousand; and see how your brothers are doing, and bring back news.”
19Now Saul, and they, and all the men of Israel were in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines.
20David rose up early in the morning and left the sheep with a keeper, and took the provisions and went, as Jesse had commanded him. He came to the place of the wagons as the army which was going out to the fight shouted for the battle.
21Israel and the Philistines put the battle in array, army against army.
22David left his baggage in the hand of the keeper of the baggage and ran to the army, and came and greeted his brothers.
23As he talked with them, behold, the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, came up out of the ranks of the Philistines, and said the same words; and David heard them.
24All the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him and were terrified.
- 1SA 17:41–47, engwebp
41The Philistine walked and came near to David; and the man who bore the shield went before him.
42When the Philistine looked around and saw David, he disdained him; for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and had a good looking face.
43The Philistine said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” The Philistine cursed David by his gods.
44The Philistine said to David, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky and to the animals of the field.”
45Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword, with a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to you in the name of the LORD of Armies, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
46Today, the LORD will deliver you into my hand. I will strike you and take your head from off you. I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines today to the birds of the sky and to the wild animals of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel,
47and that all this assembly may know that the LORD doesn’t save with sword and spear; for the battle is the LORD’s, and he will give you into our hand.”
- 1SA 17:48–51, engwebp
48When the Philistine arose, and walked and came near to meet David, David hurried and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.
49David put his hand in his bag, took a stone and slung it, and struck the Philistine in his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the earth.
50So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Philistine and killed him; but there was no sword in David’s hand.
51Then David ran, stood over the Philistine, took his sword, drew it out of its sheath, killed him, and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled.
- 1SA 17:52–54, engwebp
52The men of Israel and of Judah arose and shouted, and pursued the Philistines as far as Gai and to the gates of Ekron. The wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even to Gath and to Ekron.
53The children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they plundered their camp.
54David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his armor in his tent.
- 1SA 21:8–9, engwebp
8David said to Ahimelech, “Isn’t there here under your hand spear or sword? For I haven’t brought my sword or my weapons with me, because the king’s business required haste.”
9The priest said, “Behold, the sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the valley of Elah, is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you would like to take that, take it, for there is no other except that here.” David said, “There is none like that. Give it to me.”
- 1SA 22:6–10, engwebp
6Saul heard that David was discovered, with the men who were with him. Now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk tree in Ramah, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him.
7Saul said to his servants who stood around him, “Hear now, you Benjamites! Will the son of Jesse give everyone of you fields and vineyards? Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds?
8Is that why all of you have conspired against me, and there is no one who discloses to me when my son makes a treaty with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you who is sorry for me, or discloses to me that my son has stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as it is today?”
9Then Doeg the Edomite, who stood by the servants of Saul, answered and said, “I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.
10He inquired of the LORD for him, gave him food, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”
- 2SA 21:18–22, engwebp
18After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.
19There was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
20There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot, twenty-four in number, and he also was born to the giant.
21When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.
22These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
AI-assisted, human review pending, 2026-09-26
Machine comparison on 2026-10-07: the wording raised none of the 3 rules against the passages this entry cites. No person has read it.
Unresolved interpretation: Those born to the giant in 2 Samuel 21:18–22 and 1 Chronicles 20:4–8
- 2 Samuel 21:18–22 says that at Gob “Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant”; that again at Gob “Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam”; that at Gath “Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother” killed a man of great stature who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot; and, “These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.” The Korean Revised Version names the brother of 21:19 (가드 골리앗의 아우 라흐미, Lahmi the brother of Goliath of Gath) and writes Jonathan’s father 삼마.
Source evidence (1)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 2SA 21:18–22, engwebp
18After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.
19There was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
20There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot, twenty-four in number, and he also was born to the giant.
21When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.
22These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
- 2SA 21:18–22, engwebp
- 1 Chronicles 20:4–8 says that at Gezer “Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant”; that in another war with the Philistines “Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam”; that at Gath “Jonathan the son of Shimea, David’s brother” killed a man of great stature who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand and six on each foot; and, “These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.” The Korean Revised Version writes Jonathan’s father 시므아.
Source evidence (1)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 1CH 20:4–8, engwebp
4After this, war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant; and they were subdued.
5Again there was war with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
6There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand and six on each foot; and he also was born to the giant.
7When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea, David’s brother, killed him.
8These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
- 1CH 20:4–8, engwebp
2 Samuel 21:18–22 and 1 Chronicles 20:4–8 tell of those born to the giant who fell in the wars with the Philistines, and give several names and places differently. 2 Samuel 21:18 says, “there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant”; 1 Chronicles 20:4 says, “war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant”. 2 Samuel 21:19 says, “Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother” (the Korean Revised Version 베들레헴 사람 야레오르김의 아들 엘하난이 가드 골리앗의 아우 라흐미를 죽였는데, Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath of Gath); 1 Chronicles 20:5 says, “Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite” (the Korean Revised Version 야일의 아들 엘하난이 가드 사람 골리앗의 아우 라흐미를 죽였는데). 2 Samuel 21:21 calls Jonathan “the son of Shimei, David’s brother” (the Korean 다윗의 형 삼마의 아들), and 1 Chronicles 20:7 “the son of Shimea, David’s brother” (the Korean 다윗의 형 시므아의 아들). 2 Samuel 21:22 says “These four”, and 1 Chronicles 20:8 gives no number. The text does not say whether these are the same men or the same places. This collection records Sibbecai, Elhanan and Jonathan, whose names and deeds 1 Chronicles 20 gives again, under the entries of 2 Samuel; keeps Sippai, whose name both editions write differently, apart from Saph; records Lahmi from 1 Chronicles 20:5; and relates neither Jair nor Shimea to Elhanan or Jonathan as a father. It does not decide whether Gob and Gezer, Saph and Sippai, Jaare-Oregim and Jair, or Shimei and Shimea are the same.
All 5 relationships: AI-assisted, human review pending
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Lahmi — Sibling of — Goliath
Evidence: 1 Chronicles 20:4–8
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Took part in (4) — Goliath of Gath defies the armies of Israel, David comes to the camp as Jesse commanded him and greets his brothers, The Philistine’s curse, and David’s answer that he comes in the name of the LORD of Armies, David strikes the Philistine with a sling and a stone, and the Philistines flee
A relationship with an event rests on the passages the event cites: each event’s page has them.
Verses tagged with this entry
Names in the World English Bible text that carry this entry’s tag. They are carried over from the tags on the Korean Revised Version, which are matched by name inside chapters that already have collected evidence, and a verse where the English says “he” carries none. All await human review. They are a separate list from the source passages above. An empty list does not mean the entry is absent from the text.
A champion out of the camp of the Philistines named Goliath of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span went out.
As he talked with them, behold, the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, came up out of the ranks of the Philistines, and said the same words; and David heard them.
The priest said, “Behold, the sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you killed in the valley of Elah, is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you would like to take that, take it, for there is no other except that here.” David said, “There is none like that. Give it to me.”
He inquired of the LORD for him, gave him food, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”
There was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
Again there was war with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
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[Bibliadatum entry report] Entry: Goliath (person-goliath) Address: https://bibliadatum.org/en/wiki/person/goliath Current wording: Named at 1 Samuel 17:4: “A champion out of the camp of the Philistines named Goliath of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span went out.” 17:5–7 give the weight of his coat of mail as five thousand shekels of bronze and of his spear’s head as six hundred shekels of iron, and say that his shield bearer went before him; at 17:8–10 he cries to the armies of Israel, “Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me,” and says, “I defy the armies of Israel today! Give me a man, that we may fight together!” 17:16 says, “The Philistine came near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.” 17:23 has “the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name,” come up out of the ranks of the Philistines and say the same words, and David hears them. At 17:43–44 the Philistine curses David by his gods and says to him, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky and to the animals of the field.” At 17:48–51 David slings a stone and strikes the Philistine in his forehead; the stone sinks into his forehead, and he falls on his face to the earth; so David prevails over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and strikes the Philistine and kills him, but there is no sword in David’s hand; then David runs, stands over the Philistine, takes his sword, draws it out of its sheath, kills him, and cuts off his head with it. At 17:54 David takes the head of the Philistine and brings it to Jerusalem. Cited evidence: 1CH 20:4–8, engwebp / 1SA 17:4–11, engwebp / 1SA 17:12–16, engwebp / 1SA 17:17–24, engwebp / 1SA 17:41–47, engwebp / 1SA 17:48–51, engwebp / 1SA 17:52–54, engwebp / 1SA 21:8–9, engwebp (and 2 more of 10) Review state: ai-assisted / human-review-pending What looks wrong: (not written yet) --- This collection records what the text says and does not settle interpretation. A report about a reading that divides opinion may be registered as an unresolved issue rather than corrected.