Shimeah

• 1 Samuel 16:9 says, “Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by”; 17:12–14 says that David was the son of Jesse, names the three sons of Jesse who went to the battle “Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah”, and says, “David was the youngest”. The Korean Revised Version writes the name 삼마.
  Source evidence (2)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 1SA 16:6–10, engwebp

    ⁶When they had come, he looked at Eliab, and said, “Surely the LORD’s anointed is before him.”

    ⁷But the LORD said to Samuel, “Don’t look on his face, or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for I don’t see as man sees. For man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart.”

    ⁸Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. He said, “The LORD has not chosen this one, either.”

    ⁹Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. He said, “The LORD has not chosen this one, either.”

    ¹⁰Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. Samuel said to Jesse, “The LORD has not chosen these.”

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  • 1SA 17:12–16, engwebp

    ¹²Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons. The man was an elderly old man in the days of Saul.

    ¹³The three oldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

    ¹⁴David was the youngest; and the three oldest followed Saul.

    ¹⁵Now David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem.

    ¹⁶The Philistine came near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.

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• 2 Samuel 13:3 says, “But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab the son of Shimeah, David’s brother; and Jonadab was a very subtle man.” The Korean Revised Version writes the name 시므아 and calls him 다윗의 형, David’s elder brother.
  Source evidence (1)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 2SA 13:3–5, engwebp

    ³But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab the son of Shimeah, David’s brother; and Jonadab was a very subtle man.

    ⁴He said to him, “Why, son of the king, are you so sad from day to day? Won’t you tell me?” Amnon said to him, “I love Tamar, my brother Absalom’s sister.”

    ⁵Jonadab said to him, “Lay down on your bed and pretend to be sick. When your father comes to see you, tell him, ‘Please let my sister Tamar come and give me bread to eat, and prepare the food in my sight, that I may see it and eat it from her hand.’”

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• 2 Samuel 21:21 says, “When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.” The Korean Revised Version reads 다윗의 형 삼마의 아들 요나단, writing the name 삼마 and calling him 다윗의 형, David’s elder brother.
  Source evidence (1)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 2SA 21:18–22, engwebp

    ¹⁸After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.

    ¹⁹There was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.

    ²⁰There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot, twenty-four in number, and he also was born to the giant.

    ²¹When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.

    ²²These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.

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• 1 Chronicles 2:13–15 says, “Jesse became the father of his firstborn Eliab, Abinadab the second, Shimea the third, Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh”. The Korean Revised Version writes the third son’s name 시므아.
  Source evidence (1)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 1CH 2:13–17, engwebp

    ¹³and Jesse became the father of his firstborn Eliab, Abinadab the second, Shimea the third,

    ¹⁴Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,

    ¹⁵Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh;

    ¹⁶and their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, Joab, and Asahel, three.

    ¹⁷Abigail bore Amasa; and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite.

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At 1 Samuel 17:12–14 Shammah is the third of the three sons of Jesse who went to the battle, and David the youngest; 2 Samuel 13:3 names Jonadab’s father “Shimeah, David’s brother”, and 21:21 names Jonathan’s father “Shimei, David’s brother”, where the Korean Revised Version calls both 다윗의 형, David’s elder brother. 1 Chronicles 2:13–15 names the sons Jesse became the father of by order, from his firstborn Eliab to David the seventh, with “Shimea the third”. The editions give the names differently: the Korean Revised Version writes 삼마, 시므아, 삼마 and 시므아, and WEB Shammah, Shimeah, Shimei and Shimea. The text does not say whether any two of them are one man. This collection records the Shimea of 1 Chronicles 2:13 on the entry of the Shimeah of 2 Samuel 13:3 (person-shimeah), whose Korean name is the same and who is David’s brother, with WEB’s Shimea as another name of it; it keeps the three entries apart, and does not decide whether any two of them are the same man.

• 1 Chronicles 2:13–15 says, “Jesse became the father of his firstborn Eliab, Abinadab the second, Shimea the third, Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh”. The text gives no total of Jesse’s sons.
  Source evidence (1)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 1CH 2:13–17, engwebp

    ¹³and Jesse became the father of his firstborn Eliab, Abinadab the second, Shimea the third,

    ¹⁴Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,

    ¹⁵Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh;

    ¹⁶and their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, Joab, and Asahel, three.

    ¹⁷Abigail bore Amasa; and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite.

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• 1 Samuel 16:6–9 names Eliab, Abinadab and Shammah, and 16:10 says, “Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel”. 17:12 says, “Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons,” and 17:13–14 name the three sons who went to the battle, “Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah”, and say, “David was the youngest”.
  Source evidence (2)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 1SA 16:6–10, engwebp

    ⁶When they had come, he looked at Eliab, and said, “Surely the LORD’s anointed is before him.”

    ⁷But the LORD said to Samuel, “Don’t look on his face, or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for I don’t see as man sees. For man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart.”

    ⁸Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. He said, “The LORD has not chosen this one, either.”

    ⁹Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. He said, “The LORD has not chosen this one, either.”

    ¹⁰Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. Samuel said to Jesse, “The LORD has not chosen these.”

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  • 1SA 17:12–16, engwebp

    ¹²Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons. The man was an elderly old man in the days of Saul.

    ¹³The three oldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

    ¹⁴David was the youngest; and the three oldest followed Saul.

    ¹⁵Now David went back and forth from Saul to feed his father’s sheep at Bethlehem.

    ¹⁶The Philistine came near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.

    Publisher textRights & provenance

1 Chronicles 2:13–15 names the sons Jesse became the father of by order, from his firstborn Eliab to David the seventh. 1 Samuel 16:10 says that Jesse made seven of his sons pass before Samuel, 17:12 that he had eight sons, and 17:13–14 name the three sons who went to the battle and call David the youngest. 1 Chronicles 2:13 names Shimea the third, and 1 Samuel 17:13 names Shammah the third (the Korean 시므아 and 삼마). The Nethanel, Raddai and Ozem of 1 Chronicles 2:14–15 are not named in 1 Samuel 16:6–10 and 17:12–16. This collection records the names of 1 Chronicles 2:13–15 in the list 1ch-2-13-17, links Eliab, Abinadab, Shimea and David to their entries and makes no entry for Nethanel, Raddai and Ozem, and does not decide how the sons the two books name fit.

• 2 Samuel 21:18–22 says that at Gob “Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant”; that again at Gob “Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam”; that at Gath “Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother” killed a man of great stature who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot; and, “These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.” The Korean Revised Version names the brother of 21:19 (가드 골리앗의 아우 라흐미, Lahmi the brother of Goliath of Gath) and writes Jonathan’s father 삼마.
  Source evidence (1)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 2SA 21:18–22, engwebp

    ¹⁸After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.

    ¹⁹There was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.

    ²⁰There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot, twenty-four in number, and he also was born to the giant.

    ²¹When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.

    ²²These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.

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• 1 Chronicles 20:4–8 says that at Gezer “Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant”; that in another war with the Philistines “Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam”; that at Gath “Jonathan the son of Shimea, David’s brother” killed a man of great stature who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand and six on each foot; and, “These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.” The Korean Revised Version writes Jonathan’s father 시므아.
  Source evidence (1)

  AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.

  • 1CH 20:4–8, engwebp

    ⁴After this, war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant; and they were subdued.

    ⁵Again there was war with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.

    ⁶There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand and six on each foot; and he also was born to the giant.

    ⁷When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea, David’s brother, killed him.

    ⁸These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.

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2 Samuel 21:18–22 and 1 Chronicles 20:4–8 tell of those born to the giant who fell in the wars with the Philistines, and give several names and places differently. 2 Samuel 21:18 says, “there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant”; 1 Chronicles 20:4 says, “war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant”. 2 Samuel 21:19 says, “Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother” (the Korean Revised Version 베들레헴 사람 야레오르김의 아들 엘하난이 가드 골리앗의 아우 라흐미를 죽였는데, Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath of Gath); 1 Chronicles 20:5 says, “Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite” (the Korean Revised Version 야일의 아들 엘하난이 가드 사람 골리앗의 아우 라흐미를 죽였는데). 2 Samuel 21:21 calls Jonathan “the son of Shimei, David’s brother” (the Korean 다윗의 형 삼마의 아들), and 1 Chronicles 20:7 “the son of Shimea, David’s brother” (the Korean 다윗의 형 시므아의 아들). 2 Samuel 21:22 says “These four”, and 1 Chronicles 20:8 gives no number. The text does not say whether these are the same men or the same places. This collection records Sibbecai, Elhanan and Jonathan, whose names and deeds 1 Chronicles 20 gives again, under the entries of 2 Samuel; keeps Sippai, whose name both editions write differently, apart from Saph; records Lahmi from 1 Chronicles 20:5; and relates neither Jair nor Shimea to Elhanan or Jonathan as a father. It does not decide whether Gob and Gezer, Saph and Sippai, Jaare-Oregim and Jair, or Shimei and Shimea are the same.