Jonathan (son of Saul)
요나단 (사울의 아들)
Named at 1 Samuel 13:2, where Saul chooses for himself three thousand men of Israel, and “one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin.” 13:3 says, “Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it.” 13:16 says, “Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people who were present with them, stayed in Geba of Benjamin”, and at 13:22, in the day of battle, neither sword nor spear is found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan, “but Saul and Jonathan his son had them.” 1 Samuel 14:1–15 says that Jonathan the son of Saul didn’t tell his father, that he and his armor bearer revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines, and that “Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him, and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him”; 14:27–30, that Jonathan didn’t hear when his father commanded the people with the oath, put out the end of the rod that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, and his eyes brightened, and that he said, “My father has troubled the land”; and 14:41–45, that Jonathan and Saul were chosen and then Jonathan was selected, but the people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel?” and rescued Jonathan, so he didn’t die. 1 Samuel 18:1–4 says that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul, and that Jonathan and David made a covenant and Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him and gave it to David with his clothing, even including his sword, his bow, and his sash; at 19:1–7 Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delights in David and speaks good of David to Saul his father, and Saul swears, “As the LORD lives, he shall not be put to death”; at 20:12–17 Jonathan makes a covenant with David’s house and causes David to swear again, for the love that he had for him; at 20:30–34 Saul’s anger burns against Jonathan and Saul casts his spear at him, and Jonathan arises from the table in fierce anger; and at 20:35–42 Jonathan goes out into the field and shoots an arrow, and then he and David kiss one another and weep with one another, and Jonathan says to David, “Go in peace.” 1 Samuel 23:16–18 says that Jonathan, Saul’s son, arose and went to David into the woods, and strengthened his hand in God; he said to him, “Don’t be afraid, for the hand of Saul my father won’t find you; and you will be king over Israel, and I will be next to you; and Saul my father knows that also”; they both made a covenant before the LORD, and Jonathan went to his house. 1 Samuel 31:2 says, “The Philistines overtook Saul and his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul”; 31:6 says, “So Saul died with his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men that same day together.” At 2 Samuel 1:17–27 David laments with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son, saying, “Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided”, and “Jonathan was slain on your high places. I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, surpassing the love of women.” 2 Samuel 21:7 says that the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul; at 21:12–14 David takes the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh Gilead and brings them up from there, and the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son are buried in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father.
Direct relationships 18
Open in the full graphCollected relationship evidence
Source-backed narrative relations; not independent historical verification. Legacy dates and coordinates are outside this review.
Collection & rightsSource evidence (28)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 1CH 8:33–40, engwebp
33Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
34The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.
35The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tarea, and Ahaz.
36Ahaz became the father of Jehoaddah. Jehoaddah became the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri. Zimri became the father of Moza.
37Moza became the father of Binea. Raphah was his son, Eleasah his son, and Azel his son.
38Azel had six sons, whose names are these: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.
39The sons of Eshek his brother: Ulam his firstborn, Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third.
40The sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor, archers, and had many sons, and grandsons, one hundred fifty. All these were of the sons of Benjamin.
- 1CH 9:39–44, engwebp
39Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
40The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.
41The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tahrea, and Ahaz.
42Ahaz became the father of Jarah. Jarah became the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri. Zimri became the father of Moza.
43Moza became the father of Binea, Rephaiah his son, Eleasah his son, and Azel his son.
44Azel had six sons, whose names are Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. These were the sons of Azel.
- 1CH 10:1–6, engwebp
1Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain on Mount Gilboa.
2The Philistines followed hard after Saul and after his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
3The battle went hard against Saul, and the archers overtook him; and he was distressed by reason of the archers.
4Then Saul said to his armor bearer, “Draw your sword, and thrust me through with it, lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me.” But his armor bearer would not, for he was terrified. Therefore Saul took his sword and fell on it.
5When his armor bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell on his sword and died.
6So Saul died with his three sons; and all his house died together.
- 1SA 13:2–4, engwebp
2Saul chose for himself three thousand men of Israel, of which two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in the Mount of Bethel, and one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. He sent the rest of the people to their own tents.
3Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!”
4All Israel heard that Saul had struck the garrison of the Philistines, and also that Israel was considered an abomination to the Philistines. The people were gathered together after Saul to Gilgal.
- 1SA 13:16–18, engwebp
16Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people who were present with them, stayed in Geba of Benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.
17The raiders came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned to the way that leads to Ophrah, to the land of Shual;
18another company turned the way to Beth Horon; and another company turned the way of the border that looks down on the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.
- 1SA 13:19–23, engwebp
19Now there was no blacksmith found throughout all the land of Israel, for the Philistines said, “Lest the Hebrews make themselves swords or spears”;
20but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, each man to sharpen his own plowshare, mattock, ax, and sickle.
21The price was one payim each to sharpen mattocks, plowshares, pitchforks, axes, and goads.
22So it came to pass in the day of battle that neither sword nor spear was found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan; but Saul and Jonathan his son had them.
23The garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.
- 1SA 14:1–5, engwebp
1Now it happened on a day that Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who bore his armor, “Come! Let’s go over to the Philistines’ garrison that is on the other side.” But he didn’t tell his father.
2Saul stayed in the uttermost part of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree which is in Migron; and the people who were with him were about six hundred men,
3including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn’t know that Jonathan was gone.
4Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines’ garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
5The one crag rose up on the north in front of Michmash, and the other on the south in front of Geba.
- 1SA 14:6–15, engwebp
6Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, “Come! Let’s go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised. It may be that the LORD will work for us, for there is no restraint on the LORD to save by many or by few.”
7His armor bearer said to him, “Do all that is in your heart. Go, and behold, I am with you according to your heart.”
8Then Jonathan said, “Behold, we will pass over to the men, and we will reveal ourselves to them.
9If they say this to us, ‘Wait until we come to you!’ then we will stand still in our place and will not go up to them.
10But if they say this, ‘Come up to us!’ then we will go up, for the LORD has delivered them into our hand. This shall be the sign to us.”
11Both of them revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines; and the Philistines said, “Behold, the Hebrews are coming out of the holes where they had hidden themselves!”
12The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and said, “Come up to us, and we will show you something!” Jonathan said to his armor bearer, “Come up after me, for the LORD has delivered them into the hand of Israel.”
13Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him, and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him.
14That first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armor bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were half a furrow’s length in an acre of land.
15There was a trembling in the camp, in the field, and among all the people; the garrison and the raiders also trembled; and the earth quaked, so there was an exceedingly great trembling.
- 1SA 14:16–23, engwebp
16The watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and behold, the multitude melted away and scattered.
17Then Saul said to the people who were with him, “Count now, and see who is missing from us.” When they had counted, behold, Jonathan and his armor bearer were not there.
18Saul said to Ahijah, “Bring God’s ark here.” For God’s ark was with the children of Israel at that time.
19While Saul talked to the priest, the tumult that was in the camp of the Philistines went on and increased; and Saul said to the priest, “Withdraw your hand!”
20Saul and all the people who were with him were gathered together, and came to the battle; and behold, they were all striking each other with their swords in very great confusion.
21Now the Hebrews who were with the Philistines before and who went up with them into the camp from all around, even they also turned to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
22Likewise all the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hill country of Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.
23So the LORD saved Israel that day; and the battle passed over by Beth Aven.
- 1SA 14:24–30, engwebp
24The men of Israel were distressed that day; for Saul had adjured the people, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats any food until it is evening, and I am avenged of my enemies.” So none of the people tasted food.
25All the people came into the forest; and there was honey on the ground.
26When the people had come to the forest, behold, honey was dripping, but no one put his hand to his mouth, for the people feared the oath.
27But Jonathan didn’t hear when his father commanded the people with the oath. Therefore he put out the end of the rod that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes brightened.
28Then one of the people answered, and said, “Your father directly commanded the people with an oath, saying, ‘Cursed is the man who eats food today.’” So the people were faint.
29Then Jonathan said, “My father has troubled the land. Please look how my eyes have brightened because I tasted a little of this honey.
30How much more, if perhaps the people had eaten freely today of the plunder of their enemies which they found? For now there has been no great slaughter among the Philistines.”
- 1SA 14:36–46, engwebp
36Saul said, “Let’s go down after the Philistines by night, and take plunder among them until the morning light. Let’s not leave a man of them.” They said, “Do whatever seems good to you.” Then the priest said, “Let’s draw near here to God.”
37Saul asked counsel of God: “Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will you deliver them into the hand of Israel?” But he didn’t answer him that day.
38Saul said, “Draw near here, all you chiefs of the people, and know and see in whom this sin has been today.
39For as the LORD lives, who saves Israel, though it is in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.” But there was not a man among all the people who answered him.
40Then he said to all Israel, “You be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side.” The people said to Saul, “Do what seems good to you.”
41Therefore Saul said to the LORD, the God of Israel, “Show the right.” Jonathan and Saul were chosen, but the people escaped.
42Saul said, “Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.” Jonathan was selected.
43Then Saul said to Jonathan, “Tell me what you have done!” Jonathan told him, and said, “I certainly did taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in my hand; and behold, I must die.”
44Saul said, “God do so and more also; for you shall surely die, Jonathan.”
45The people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel? Far from it! As the LORD lives, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground, for he has worked with God today!” So the people rescued Jonathan, so he didn’t die.
46Then Saul went up from following the Philistines; and the Philistines went to their own place.
- 1SA 14:49–51, engwebp
49Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters were these: the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal.
50The name of Saul’s wife was Ahinoam the daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the captain of his army was Abner the son of Ner, Saul’s uncle.
51Kish was the father of Saul, and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel.
- 1SA 18:1–5, engwebp
1When he had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
2Saul took him that day, and wouldn’t let him go home to his father’s house any more.
3Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
4Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him and gave it to David with his clothing, even including his sword, his bow, and his sash.
5David went out wherever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely; and Saul set him over the men of war. It was good in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul’s servants.
- 1SA 19:1–7, engwebp
1Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delighted in David.
2Jonathan told David, saying, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Now therefore, please take care of yourself in the morning, live in a secret place, and hide yourself.
3I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will talk with my father about you; and if I see anything, I will tell you.”
4Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, “Don’t let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you;
5for he put his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great victory for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?”
6Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan; and Saul swore, “As the LORD lives, he shall not be put to death.”
7Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence as before.
- 1SA 20:1–11, engwebp
1David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said to Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?”
2He said to him, “Far from it; you will not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small, but that he discloses it to me. Why would my father hide this thing from me? It is not so.”
3David swore moreover, and said, “Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he says, ‘Don’t let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved;’ but truly as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.”
4Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever your soul desires, I will even do it for you.”
5David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to dine with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field to the third day at evening.
6If your father misses me at all, then say, ‘David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem, his city; for it is the yearly sacrifice there for all the family.’
7If he says, ‘It is well,’ your servant shall have peace; but if he is angry, then know that evil is determined by him.
8Therefore deal kindly with your servant, for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the LORD with you; but if there is iniquity in me, kill me yourself, for why should you bring me to your father?”
9Jonathan said, “Far be it from you; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come on you, then wouldn’t I tell you that?”
10Then David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?”
11Jonathan said to David, “Come! Let’s go out into the field.” They both went out into the field.
- 1SA 20:12–23, engwebp
12Jonathan said to David, “By the LORD, the God of Israel, when I have sounded out my father about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if there is good toward David, won’t I then send to you and disclose it to you?
13The LORD do so to Jonathan and more also, should it please my father to do you evil, if I don’t disclose it to you and send you away, that you may go in peace. May the LORD be with you as he has been with my father.
14You shall not only show me the loving kindness of the LORD while I still live, that I not die;
15but you shall also not cut off your kindness from my house forever, no, not when the LORD has cut off every one of the enemies of David from the surface of the earth.”
16So Jonathan made a covenant with David’s house, saying, “The LORD will require it at the hand of David’s enemies.”
17Jonathan caused David to swear again, for the love that he had for him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
18Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
19When you have stayed three days, go down quickly and come to the place where you hid yourself when this started, and remain by the stone Ezel.
20I will shoot three arrows on its side, as though I shot at a mark.
21Behold, I will send the boy, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows!’ If I tell the boy, ‘Behold, the arrows are on this side of you. Take them;’ then come, for there is peace to you and no danger, as the LORD lives.
22But if I say this to the boy, ‘Behold, the arrows are beyond you,’ then go your way, for the LORD has sent you away.
23Concerning the matter which you and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD is between you and me forever.”
- 1SA 20:24–34, engwebp
24So David hid himself in the field. When the new moon had come, the king sat himself down to eat food.
25The king sat on his seat, as at other times, even on the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty.
26Nevertheless Saul didn’t say anything that day, for he thought, “Something has happened to him. He is not clean. Surely he is not clean.”
27On the next day after the new moon, the second day, David’s place was empty. Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why didn’t the son of Jesse come to eat, either yesterday, or today?”
28Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem.
29He said, ‘Please let me go, for our family has a sacrifice in the city. My brother has commanded me to be there. Now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please let me go away and see my brothers.’ Therefore he has not come to the king’s table.”
30Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don’t I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?
31For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, you will not be established, nor will your kingdom. Therefore now send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die!”
32Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?”
33Saul cast his spear at him to strike him. By this Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.
34So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had treated him shamefully.
- 1SA 20:35–42, engwebp
35In the morning, Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little boy with him.
36He said to his boy, “Run, find now the arrows which I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
37When the boy had come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the boy, and said, “Isn’t the arrow beyond you?”
38Jonathan cried after the boy, “Go fast! Hurry! Don’t delay!” Jonathan’s boy gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
39But the boy didn’t know anything. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
40Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy, and said to him, “Go, carry them to the city.”
41As soon as the boy was gone, David arose out of the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times. They kissed one another and wept with one another, and David wept the most.
42Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, because we have both sworn in the LORD’s name, saying, ‘The LORD is between me and you, and between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’” He arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.
- 1SA 23:14–18, engwebp
14David stayed in the wilderness in the strongholds, and remained in the hill country in the wilderness of Ziph. Saul sought him every day, but God didn’t deliver him into his hand.
15David saw that Saul had come out to seek his life. David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the woods.
16Jonathan, Saul’s son, arose and went to David into the woods, and strengthened his hand in God.
17He said to him, “Don’t be afraid, for the hand of Saul my father won’t find you; and you will be king over Israel, and I will be next to you; and Saul my father knows that also.”
18They both made a covenant before the LORD. Then David stayed in the woods and Jonathan went to his house.
- 1SA 31:1–6, engwebp
1Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain on Mount Gilboa.
2The Philistines overtook Saul and his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
3The battle went hard against Saul, and the archers overtook him; and he was greatly distressed by reason of the archers.
4Then Saul said to his armor bearer, “Draw your sword, and thrust me through with it, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through and abuse me!” But his armor bearer would not, for he was terrified. Therefore Saul took his sword and fell on it.
5When his armor bearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell on his sword, and died with him.
6So Saul died with his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men that same day together.
- 2SA 1:1–4, engwebp
1After the death of Saul, when David had returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had stayed two days in Ziklag,
2on the third day, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul, with his clothes torn and earth on his head. When he came to David, he fell to the earth and showed respect.
3David said to him, “Where do you come from?” He said to him, “I have escaped out of the camp of Israel.”
4David said to him, “How did it go? Please tell me.” He answered, “The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people also have fallen and are dead. Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.”
- 2SA 1:5–10, engwebp
5David said to the young man who told him, “How do you know that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?”
6The young man who told him said, “As I happened by chance on Mount Gilboa, behold, Saul was leaning on his spear; and behold, the chariots and the horsemen followed close behind him.
7When he looked behind him, he saw me and called to me. I answered, ‘Here I am.’
8He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’
9He said to me, ‘Please stand beside me, and kill me, for anguish has taken hold of me because my life lingers in me.’
10So I stood beside him and killed him, because I was sure that he could not live after he had fallen. I took the crown that was on his head and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them here to my lord.”
- 2SA 1:11–12, engwebp
11Then David took hold of his clothes and tore them; and all the men who were with him did likewise.
12They mourned, wept, and fasted until evening for Saul and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.
- 2SA 1:17–27, engwebp
17David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son
18(and he commanded them to teach the children of Judah the song of the bow; behold, it is written in the book of Jashar):
19“Your glory, Israel, was slain on your high places! How the mighty have fallen!
20Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t publish it in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
21You mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew or rain on you, and no fields of offerings; for there the shield of the mighty was defiled and cast away, the shield of Saul was not anointed with oil.
22From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, Jonathan’s bow didn’t turn back. Saul’s sword didn’t return empty.
23Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided. They were swifter than eagles. They were stronger than lions.
24You daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you delicately in scarlet, who put ornaments of gold on your clothing.
25How the mighty have fallen in the middle of the battle! Jonathan was slain on your high places.
26I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, surpassing the love of women.
27How the mighty have fallen, and the weapons of war have perished!”
- 2SA 4:4, engwebp
4Now Jonathan, Saul’s son, had a son who was lame in his feet. He was five years old when the news came about Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel; and his nurse picked him up and fled. As she hurried to flee, he fell and became lame. His name was Mephibosheth.
- 2SA 9:1–8, engwebp
1David said, “Is there yet any who is left of Saul’s house, that I may show him kindness for Jonathan’s sake?”
2There was of Saul’s house a servant whose name was Ziba, and they called him to David; and the king said to him, “Are you Ziba?” He said, “I am your servant.”
3The king said, “Is there not yet any of Saul’s house, that I may show the kindness of God to him?” Ziba said to the king, “Jonathan still has a son, who is lame in his feet.”
4The king said to him, “Where is he?” Ziba said to the king, “Behold, he is in the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, in Lo Debar.”
5Then King David sent and brought him out of the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, from Lo Debar.
6Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, came to David, fell on his face, and showed respect. David said, “Mephibosheth?” He answered, “Behold, your servant!”
7David said to him, “Don’t be afraid, for I will surely show you kindness for Jonathan your father’s sake, and will restore to you all the land of Saul your father. You will eat bread at my table continually.”
8He bowed down, and said, “What is your servant, that you should look at such a dead dog as I am?”
- 2SA 21:7–9, engwebp
7But the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.
8But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Merab the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite.
9He delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites; and they hanged them on the mountain before the LORD, and all seven of them fell together. They were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, at the beginning of barley harvest.
- 2SA 21:10–14, engwebp
10Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water poured on them from the sky. She allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day, nor the animals of the field by night.
11David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
12So David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh Gilead, who had stolen them from the street of Beth Shan, where the Philistines had hanged them in the day that the Philistines killed Saul in Gilboa;
13and he brought up from there the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son. They also gathered the bones of those who were hanged.
14They buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father; and they performed all that the king commanded. After that, God answered prayer for the land.
AI-assisted, human review pending, 2026-09-26
Machine comparison on 2026-10-07: the wording raised none of the 3 rules against the passages this entry cites. No person has read it.
Unresolved interpretation: Eshbaal and Merib-baal of 1 Chronicles 8 and 9
- 2 Samuel 2:8 says, “Now Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s army, had taken Ishbosheth the son of Saul and brought him over to Mahanaim.” 4:4 says that Jonathan, Saul’s son, had a son who was lame in his feet, and ends, “His name was Mephibosheth.” 9:12 says, “Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Mica.”
Source evidence (3)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 2SA 2:8–11, engwebp
8Now Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s army, had taken Ishbosheth the son of Saul and brought him over to Mahanaim.
9He made him king over Gilead, over the Ashurites, over Jezreel, over Ephraim, over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
10Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
11The time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
- 2SA 4:4, engwebp
4Now Jonathan, Saul’s son, had a son who was lame in his feet. He was five years old when the news came about Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel; and his nurse picked him up and fled. As she hurried to flee, he fell and became lame. His name was Mephibosheth.
- 2SA 9:9–13, engwebp
9Then the king called to Ziba, Saul’s servant, and said to him, “All that belonged to Saul and to all his house I have given to your master’s son.
10Till the land for him—you, your sons, and your servants. Bring in the harvest, that your master’s son may have bread to eat; but Mephibosheth your master’s son will always eat bread at my table.” Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants.
11Then Ziba said to the king, “According to all that my lord the king commands his servant, so your servant will do.” So Mephibosheth ate at the king’s table like one of the king’s sons.
12Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Mica. All who lived in Ziba’s house were servants to Mephibosheth.
13So Mephibosheth lived in Jerusalem, for he ate continually at the king’s table. He was lame in both his feet.
- 2SA 2:8–11, engwebp
- 1 Chronicles 8:33–34 and 9:39–40 both say, “Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal. The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.”
Source evidence (2)
AI-assisted comparison with the cited narrative; not independent historical verification.
- 1CH 8:33–40, engwebp
33Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
34The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.
35The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tarea, and Ahaz.
36Ahaz became the father of Jehoaddah. Jehoaddah became the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri. Zimri became the father of Moza.
37Moza became the father of Binea. Raphah was his son, Eleasah his son, and Azel his son.
38Azel had six sons, whose names are these: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.
39The sons of Eshek his brother: Ulam his firstborn, Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third.
40The sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor, archers, and had many sons, and grandsons, one hundred fifty. All these were of the sons of Benjamin.
- 1CH 9:39–44, engwebp
39Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
40The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.
41The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tahrea, and Ahaz.
42Ahaz became the father of Jarah. Jarah became the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri. Zimri became the father of Moza.
43Moza became the father of Binea, Rephaiah his son, Eleasah his son, and Azel his son.
44Azel had six sons, whose names are Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. These were the sons of Azel.
- 1CH 8:33–40, engwebp
2 Samuel 2:8 names Ishbosheth the son of Saul, 4:4 Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan, and 9:12 Mica the son of Mephibosheth. 1 Chronicles 8:33–34 and 9:39–40 name Eshbaal among the sons of Saul, Merib-baal the son of Jonathan, and Micah, whom Merib-baal fathered. Both editions write the first two names otherwise: the Korean Revised Version reads 이스보셋 and 에스바알, 므비보셋 and 므립바알, and WEB Ishbosheth and Eshbaal, Mephibosheth and Merib-baal. The Korean Revised Version writes 미가 in both books, and WEB Mica in 2 Samuel 9:12 and Micah in 1 Chronicles. The text does not say whether they are the same men. This collection records the Eshbaal, Merib-baal and Micah of 1 Chronicles as names of its lists, linked to no entry of 2 Samuel, and does not decide whether they are the same men.
All 18 relationships: AI-assisted, human review pending
-
Saul (son of Kish) — Father of — Jonathan (son of Saul)
Evidence: 1 Chronicles 8:33–40, 1 Chronicles 9:39–44, 1 Chronicles 10:1–6, 1 Samuel 13:16–18, 1 Samuel 13:19–23, 1 Samuel 14:1–5, 1 Samuel 14:49–51, 1 Samuel 19:1–7, 1 Samuel 20:24–34, 1 Samuel 23:14–18, 1 Samuel 31:1–6, 2 Samuel 1:1–4, 2 Samuel 1:5–10, 2 Samuel 1:11–12, 2 Samuel 1:17–27, 2 Samuel 4:4, 2 Samuel 21:7–9, 2 Samuel 21:10–14
-
Jonathan (son of Saul) — Father of — Mephibosheth (son of Jonathan)
Evidence: 2 Samuel 4:4, 2 Samuel 9:1–8, 2 Samuel 21:7–9
-
Took part in (16) — Jonathan strikes the garrison in Geba, and the people are gathered after Saul to Gilgal, Saul and Jonathan stay in Geba of Benjamin, and the raiders come out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies, Jonathan calls the young man who bore his armor to go over to the Philistines’ garrison, and doesn’t tell his father, Jonathan and his armor bearer make the first slaughter, and there is a trembling in the camp and among all the people, The multitude melts away, and the LORD saves Israel that day, Saul adjures the people, and Jonathan tastes the honey, No answer to Saul that day; Jonathan is selected, and the people rescue him, Jonathan and David make a covenant, and Jonathan gives David his robe, Jonathan speaks good of David to Saul his father, and Saul swears, David flees from Naioth in Ramah to Jonathan, and speaks of the new moon, Jonathan’s covenant with David’s house, and his word about the three arrows, On the day after the new moon Saul’s anger burns against Jonathan, and he casts his spear at him, Jonathan’s arrow in the field, and David and Jonathan weeping with one another, Jonathan, Saul’s son, goes to David into the woods, and the two make a covenant before the LORD, Saul falls on his sword, and Saul and his three sons die together, The Philistines fight against Israel, and Saul dies with his three sons and all his house
A relationship with an event rests on the passages the event cites: each event’s page has them.
Verses tagged with this entry
Names in the World English Bible text that carry this entry’s tag. They are carried over from the tags on the Korean Revised Version, which are matched by name inside chapters that already have collected evidence, and a verse where the English says “he” carries none. All await human review. They are a separate list from the source passages above. An empty list does not mean the entry is absent from the text.
Saul chose for himself three thousand men of Israel, of which two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in the Mount of Bethel, and one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. He sent the rest of the people to their own tents.
Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!”
Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people who were present with them, stayed in Geba of Benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.
So it came to pass in the day of battle that neither sword nor spear was found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan; but Saul and Jonathan his son had them.
Now it happened on a day that Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who bore his armor, “Come! Let’s go over to the Philistines’ garrison that is on the other side.” But he didn’t tell his father.
including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn’t know that Jonathan was gone.
Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines’ garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
Jonathan said to the young man who bore his armor, “Come! Let’s go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised. It may be that the LORD will work for us, for there is no restraint on the LORD to save by many or by few.”
Then Jonathan said, “Behold, we will pass over to the men, and we will reveal ourselves to them.
The men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armor bearer, and said, “Come up to us, and we will show you something!” Jonathan said to his armor bearer, “Come up after me, for the LORD has delivered them into the hand of Israel.”
Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him, and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him.
That first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armor bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were half a furrow’s length in an acre of land.
Then Saul said to the people who were with him, “Count now, and see who is missing from us.” When they had counted, behold, Jonathan and his armor bearer were not there.
Now the Hebrews who were with the Philistines before and who went up with them into the camp from all around, even they also turned to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
But Jonathan didn’t hear when his father commanded the people with the oath. Therefore he put out the end of the rod that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes brightened.
Then Jonathan said, “My father has troubled the land. Please look how my eyes have brightened because I tasted a little of this honey.
For as the LORD lives, who saves Israel, though it is in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die.” But there was not a man among all the people who answered him.
Then he said to all Israel, “You be on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side.” The people said to Saul, “Do what seems good to you.”
Therefore Saul said to the LORD, the God of Israel, “Show the right.” Jonathan and Saul were chosen, but the people escaped.
Saul said, “Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.” Jonathan was selected.
Then Saul said to Jonathan, “Tell me what you have done!” Jonathan told him, and said, “I certainly did taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in my hand; and behold, I must die.”
Saul said, “God do so and more also; for you shall surely die, Jonathan.”
The people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel? Far from it! As the LORD lives, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground, for he has worked with God today!” So the people rescued Jonathan, so he didn’t die.
Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters were these: the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal.
When he had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him and gave it to David with his clothing, even including his sword, his bow, and his sash.
Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delighted in David.
Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, “Don’t let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you;
Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan; and Saul swore, “As the LORD lives, he shall not be put to death.”
Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence as before.
David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said to Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?”
David swore moreover, and said, “Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he says, ‘Don’t let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved;’ but truly as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.”
Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever your soul desires, I will even do it for you.”
David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to dine with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field to the third day at evening.
Jonathan said, “Far be it from you; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come on you, then wouldn’t I tell you that?”
Then David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?”
Jonathan said to David, “Come! Let’s go out into the field.” They both went out into the field.
Jonathan said to David, “By the LORD, the God of Israel, when I have sounded out my father about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if there is good toward David, won’t I then send to you and disclose it to you?
The LORD do so to Jonathan and more also, should it please my father to do you evil, if I don’t disclose it to you and send you away, that you may go in peace. May the LORD be with you as he has been with my father.
So Jonathan made a covenant with David’s house, saying, “The LORD will require it at the hand of David’s enemies.”
Jonathan caused David to swear again, for the love that he had for him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
The king sat on his seat, as at other times, even on the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty.
On the next day after the new moon, the second day, David’s place was empty. Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why didn’t the son of Jesse come to eat, either yesterday, or today?”
Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem.
Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don’t I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?
Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?”
Saul cast his spear at him to strike him. By this Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.
In the morning, Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little boy with him.
When the boy had come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the boy, and said, “Isn’t the arrow beyond you?”
Jonathan cried after the boy, “Go fast! Hurry! Don’t delay!” Jonathan’s boy gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
But the boy didn’t know anything. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy, and said to him, “Go, carry them to the city.”
Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, because we have both sworn in the LORD’s name, saying, ‘The LORD is between me and you, and between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’” He arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.
Jonathan, Saul’s son, arose and went to David into the woods, and strengthened his hand in God.
They both made a covenant before the LORD. Then David stayed in the woods and Jonathan went to his house.
The Philistines overtook Saul and his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
David said to him, “How did it go? Please tell me.” He answered, “The people have fled from the battle, and many of the people also have fallen and are dead. Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.”
David said to the young man who told him, “How do you know that Saul and Jonathan his son are dead?”
They mourned, wept, and fasted until evening for Saul and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.
David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son
From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, Jonathan’s bow didn’t turn back. Saul’s sword didn’t return empty.
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided. They were swifter than eagles. They were stronger than lions.
How the mighty have fallen in the middle of the battle! Jonathan was slain on your high places.
I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, surpassing the love of women.
Now Jonathan, Saul’s son, had a son who was lame in his feet. He was five years old when the news came about Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel; and his nurse picked him up and fled. As she hurried to flee, he fell and became lame. His name was Mephibosheth.
David said, “Is there yet any who is left of Saul’s house, that I may show him kindness for Jonathan’s sake?”
The king said, “Is there not yet any of Saul’s house, that I may show the kindness of God to him?” Ziba said to the king, “Jonathan still has a son, who is lame in his feet.”
Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, came to David, fell on his face, and showed respect. David said, “Mephibosheth?” He answered, “Behold, your servant!”
David said to him, “Don’t be afraid, for I will surely show you kindness for Jonathan your father’s sake, and will restore to you all the land of Saul your father. You will eat bread at my table continually.”
Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.
Ner became the father of Kish. Kish became the father of Saul. Saul became the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.
The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal. Merib-baal became the father of Micah.
The Philistines followed hard after Saul and after his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.
Something looks wrong in this entry?
This prepares a report carrying the entry, what it currently says and what it cites, so a reviewer can act on it. Nothing leaves this page until you press Send; the operator alone reads what you send.
Write what looks wrong first; a report without it cannot be acted on.
This is exactly what gets copied or sent:
[Bibliadatum entry report] Entry: Jonathan (son of Saul) (person-jonathan-saul) Address: https://bibliadatum.org/en/wiki/person/jonathan-saul Current wording: Named at 1 Samuel 13:2, where Saul chooses for himself three thousand men of Israel, and “one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin.” 13:3 says, “Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it.” 13:16 says, “Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people who were present with them, stayed in Geba of Benjamin”, and at 13:22, in the day of battle, neither sword nor spear is found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan, “but Saul and Jonathan his son had them.” 1 Samuel 14:1–15 says that Jonathan the son of Saul didn’t tell his father, that he and his armor bearer revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines, and that “Jonathan climbed up on his hands and on his feet, and his armor bearer after him, and they fell before Jonathan; and his armor bearer killed them after him”; 14:27–30, that Jonathan didn’t hear when his father commanded the people with the oath, put out the end of the rod that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, and his eyes brightened, and that he said, “My father has troubled the land”; and 14:41–45, that Jonathan and Saul were chosen and then Jonathan was selected, but the people said to Saul, “Shall Jonathan die, who has worked this great salvation in Israel?” and rescued Jonathan, so he didn’t die. 1 Samuel 18:1–4 says that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul, and that Jonathan and David made a covenant and Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him and gave it to David with his clothing, even including his sword, his bow, and his sash; at 19:1–7 Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delights in David and speaks good of David to Saul his father, and Saul swears, “As the LORD lives, he shall not be put to death”; at 20:12–17 Jonathan makes a covenant with David’s house and causes David to swear again, for the love that he had for him; at 20:30–34 Saul’s anger burns against Jonathan and Saul casts his spear at him, and Jonathan arises from the table in fierce anger; and at 20:35–42 Jonathan goes out into the field and shoots an arrow, and then he and David kiss one another and weep with one another, and Jonathan says to David, “Go in peace.” 1 Samuel 23:16–18 says that Jonathan, Saul’s son, arose and went to David into the woods, and strengthened his hand in God; he said to him, “Don’t be afraid, for the hand of Saul my father won’t find you; and you will be king over Israel, and I will be next to you; and Saul my father knows that also”; they both made a covenant before the LORD, and Jonathan went to his house. 1 Samuel 31:2 says, “The Philistines overtook Saul and his sons; and the Philistines killed Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul”; 31:6 says, “So Saul died with his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men that same day together.” At 2 Samuel 1:17–27 David laments with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son, saying, “Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives. In their death, they were not divided”, and “Jonathan was slain on your high places. I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan. You have been very pleasant to me. Your love to me was wonderful, surpassing the love of women.” 2 Samuel 21:7 says that the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul; at 21:12–14 David takes the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh Gilead and brings them up from there, and the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son are buried in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father. Cited evidence: 1CH 8:33–40, engwebp / 1CH 9:39–44, engwebp / 1CH 10:1–6, engwebp / 1SA 13:2–4, engwebp / 1SA 13:16–18, engwebp / 1SA 13:19–23, engwebp / 1SA 14:1–5, engwebp / 1SA 14:6–15, engwebp (and 20 more of 28) Review state: ai-assisted / human-review-pending What looks wrong: (not written yet) --- This collection records what the text says and does not settle interpretation. A report about a reading that divides opinion may be registered as an unresolved issue rather than corrected.